Basic Info.
Product Description
Elemental iodine was first discovered in 1811 by the French apothecary Koutwah. Elemental iodine is purplish black crystal, easy to sublimate, sublimate easy to condense, toxic and corrosive. Elemental iodine turns bluish-purple when it meets starch.
Mainly used in the manufacture of drugs, dyes, iodine, test paper and iodine compounds.
| Item | Standard | Result |
| Content % | 99.5~100.5 | Complies |
| Chlorine and bromine content % | ≤0.01 | Complies |
| Non-volatile residue ppm | ≤50 | Complies |
| Iron ppm | ≤10 | Complies |
| Sulfate ppm | ≤75 | Complies |
| Heavy metal ppm | ≤10 | Complies |
Iodine is mostly used in the production of organoiodide compounds, with 15% remaining in elemental form, 15% used as potassium iodide, and the last 15% being made into other inorganic iodine compounds. The main uses of iodine compounds include catalysts, animal food additives, stabilizers, dyes, colorants, pigments, pharmaceuticals, hygiene (iodine) and photography. Niche uses of iodine compounds include de-fogging, cloud seeding, and use in analytical chemistry.
1.Analytical chemistry
Iodine can be detected in iodimetry for many substances. Iodine forms a blue complex with starch. This complex can be used to detect starch or iodine and is a REDOX indicator in iodometry. Iodine can be used to detect whether a bill is made of starchy paper. Iodine is often used to determine the unsaturation of fatty acids (iodide), which results from a double bond that reacts with iodine.
K2HgI4 also known as Nesler's reagent, is commonly used to detect ammonia. A similar Mayer reagent (an aqueous solution of mercury and potassium iodide) is often used as a precipitating reagent for alkaloids. An alkaline aqueous solution of iodine can be used for the iodoform test of methyl ketone.
2.Spacecraft propulsion
A propulsion system using iodine as a rocket propellant is more compact, weighs less and costs less, and operates more efficiently than an ion thruster others. Iodine's atomic weight is only 3.3% lower than others, while the combined first and second ionization energies are 12% lower than others, making it a promising alternative.
The use of iodine made ion thrusters more widely available. The European Space Agency says these small but potentially disruptive innovations could help clean up the space junk problem. By plunging themselves into the atmosphere and burning up, the microsatellites could easily self-destruct at the end of the mission.
In early 2021, the French ThrustMe in orbit demonstrated an electric ion thruster for the spacecraft. The spacecraft uses iodine instead of others as a plasma source in order to generate thrust by accelerating ions with an electrostatic field.
3.Medicine
(1)Iodide
Elemental iodine and solutions containing the triiodide anion I3− (which can be made by adding iodide to an aqueous solution of insoluble elemental iodine and which can be produced by the reverse reaction of the preparation process) are disinfectants. It can also be used to treat iodine deficiency. Iodine can also be produced from iodophor. Examples of iodophor include:
a.tincture of iodine, iodine ethanol solution, or iodine and sodium iodide dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and water solution.
b.lugol iodine, iodine and iodide solution, the iodine mainly exists in the form of three iodide.
c.povidone iodine
d.Iodine-V: I2 and cage of fulvic acid complex, is the crystal soluble in water. Unlike other iodophor, the Iodine in Iodine-V exists only as I2.
Iodine's antibacterial action is rapid and effective at low concentrations, so it can be used in surgery. The exact antibacterial mechanism of iodine is unknown, but it penetrates microorganisms and attacks certain amino acids (such as cysteine and methionine), nucleotides, and fatty acids, eventually leading to cell death. Iodine can also be antiviral, but the antiviral capacity of the parvovirus family is weaker than that of the enveloped virus. Iodine's antiviral mechanism may be to attack the protein in the viral envelope and destabilize it by reacting with the carbon-carbon double bond in the fatty acids in the envelope.
(2)Iodine compound
Oral iodide was used as a treatment for lead and mercury poisoning in the 19th and early 20th centuries before the discovery of organic chelating agents. Acute thyrotoxicosis can be treated with saturated solution of potassium iodide. It is also used to prevent iodine-131 from being absorbed by the thyroid gland.
Iodine-131, a common component of radioactive fallout, is particularly dangerous because the thyroid collects ingested iodine-131 and leaves it there for a long time. Therefore, people at risk of being exposed to iodine-131 from radioactive fallout should always take iodine tablets containing iodine-127 (which is not radioactive). The dose for adults is one 130 mg iodine tablet every 24 hours, which provides 100 mg (100,000 micrograms) of iodine. (The daily intake is usually 100 micrograms.) Ingesting such a large dose of iodine-127 saturates the thyroid gland, minimizing the amount of iodine-131 absorbed by the thyroid gland.
Iodine can absorb X-rays with energies below 33.3 keV due to its plateau suborder and electron density and the photoelectric effect of the innermost electrons. For this reason organoiodide compounds are commonly used as X-ray developers in angiography and CT scans. All water-soluble developers found so far contain iodine.
4.Other Application
A large proportion of iodine is used in the synthesis of the iodine additive for livestock feed. Another important use of iodine is as a catalyst for the synthesis of acetic acid by Cativa and Monsanto processes. In these acetic acid synthesis methods, the hydroiodic acid converts methanol into iodomethane, which carbonizes into acetyliodine, which then hydrolyzes into the product acetic acid, which forms hydroiodic acid.
In the crystal rod process, iodine reacts with titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and thorium, and these metals are purified by the breakdown of iodide. Halogen lamps use a similar principle to extend the life of the bulb. Previous photographic films used silver iodide as a sensitive material. Tons of silver iodide are used every year for cloud seeding.
Erythrin is an important food pigment. An iodine-containing bacteriostatic (AJ1629-34EC) can significantly inhibit the growth of Fusarium verticillioides, making it a potential alternative to less toxic antifungal agents.
125I is used as a radioactive tracer to study which ligands bind to which plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Mother liquor or antifreeze containing iodide ions can bind to protein crystals and provide phase information for X-ray diffraction.
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1.Store in dry, well-ventilated area.
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3.Keep away from heat, sparks and flames.
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